Summary of Military Orders

by Volodymyr Blahuciak


Order Founded Habit Emblem Comments
Templars (Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon) Established c. 1118-1120. Papal confirmation 1128. White Red Cross 1307-08 – Charges of heresy. 1312 – Order officially oppressed. 1314 – last Grand Master, Jacques de Molay burned at stake
Hospitallers (Order of the Hospital of St. John) Hospital founded c.1070. Papal confirmation 1113. Turned military c.1126 Black, later red White cross 1248 –papal bull gives black surcoat 1259 – changed to red
Teutonic Knights (Teutonic Knights of the Hospital of St. Mary of Jerusalem) Established 1198. White Black cross Membership restricted to Germans.
Knights of Santiago (Knights of St. James of the Sword or Compostella) Esta blushed Possibly c. 1120, more probably 1171. Papal confirmation 1175 White, later black Espada (a red cross with the bottom arm extended to resemble a short sword blade. 14th century and later sources show hilt and guards ending in fleurs-de-lys.  
Knights of Alcántra (Knights of San Julian de Pereyro before 1213) Probably established 1156. Papal confirmation 1177. White Green cross with fleurs-de-lys ends from 1397.  
Knights of Calatrava (Knights of Salvatierra 1197-1212) Established 1157. Papal confirmation 1164. White Red cross with fleurs-de-lys ends from 1397.  
Knights of Avis (Knights of St. Benedict or Evora before 1211). Established as a non-religious Order 1147. Papal confirmation as a religious military Order 1166. White Green cross from c. 1325.  
Knights of Monte Gaudio Established 1173 Red* Silver star Absorbed by Templars c.1200.
Knights of Our Lady of Montjoie (Knights of Trufac after 1187). Papal confirmation 1180. Parti-coloured red and white cross. Originally in Middle East, retire to Spain in 1187 after Hattin.Name changes to Trufac with move to Spain. Absorbed by Knights of Calatrava 1221.
Knights of Trujillo Established 1197. White Absorbed by the Knights of Calatrava and Alcántra 1218.
Knights of St. George of Alfama. Established 1201 White Red Cross from 1400. United with Knights of Our lady of Montesa 1400.
Knights of the Order of St. Lazarus Turned military c. 1123 Black Green Cross from 16th century A leper order.
Knights of St. Thomas Acon (Knights of St. Thomas of Canterbury at Acre) Established 1191. Turned military 1217-1221. White Red Cross with white scallop at centre. English Order originally founded as a nursing brethren in Acre during 3rd crusade. Membership restricted to English. No brother knights recorded after 1357.

The following two orders are different from the above:

Order Founded Habit Emblem Comments
The Sword Brothers (Knights of Christ) Established 1196. Papal confirmation 1207. White Red cross above red sword pointed downwards. Absorbed by Teutonic Knights 1237.
Knights of Dobrzyn Established 1228. White Red star above red sword pointed downwards. Absorbed by Teutonic Knights 1235

Content by Volodymyr Blahuciak (mka David Blanchard)
Converted to HTML by Frederic Badger (Brander Roullett)